Physics
Electric charges and fields
- Electric charge and its quantization
- conservation of charge
- Coulomb’s law
- force between two-point charges
- superposition principle
Electrostatic potential and capacitance
- Electric potential
- potential difference
- potential due to a dipole
- potential due to a system of charges
- Equipotential surfaces
- electrical potential energy
- Conductors, insulators
- free charges and bound charges inside a conductor, capacitors and capacitance
- combination of capacitors in series and in parallel energy sorted in a capacitor
Current Electricity
- Electric current
- drift velocity
- Ohm’s law
- electrical resistance
- conductance
- resistivity
- conductivity
- effect of temperature on resistance
- electrical energy and power
- carbon resistors
- colour code of carbon resistor
- EMF and potential difference
- internal resistance of a cell
- combination of cells in series and parallel
- Kirchhoff’s law
- Potentiometer-Principle and its application
- EMF of two cell
Magnetic effect of Current and magnetism
- Moving charges and magnetism
- Concept of magnetic field
- Oersted's experiment
- Biot-Savart law
- Ampere’s law and its application
- Straight and toroidal solenoid
- Cyclotron
- Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field
- force between two parallel current-carrying conductors
- torque experienced by a current loop
- moving coil galvanometer
- conversion of current from ammeter and voltmeter
Magnetism and matter
- Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment
- magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron
- magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole
- torque on a magnetic dipole
- bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid
- magnetic field lines
Electromagnetic induction and Alternating current
- Electromagnetic induction
- Faraday’ laws of electromagnetic induction
- induced EMF and current
- Lenz’s Law
- Eddy currents
- self and mutual induction
- Alternating Current
- Alternating currents
- peak and RMS value of alternating current
- LC oscillation
- LCR series circuit
- resonance
- power in AC circuits
- wattless current
- A.C. generator and transformer
Electromagnetic waves
- Basic idea of displacement current
- characteristics of electromagnetic waves
- their transverse nature
- Electromagnetic spectrum and their uses
Optics
- Ray optics and optical instruments
- Reflection of light
- spherical mirrors
- mirror formula
- lateral and longitudinal magnification
- total internal reflection and its applications
- optical fibre
- Refraction at spherical surfaces
- lens formula
- lens makers formula
- magnification
- power of lenses
- two thin lenses in contact, etc
- Scattering of light
- Blue colour of the sky and reddish appearance of sun at sunset and sunrise
- Optical instruments: microscopes and telescopes
Waves Optics
- Wavefront
- Huygen’s principle
- reflection and refraction of plane waves
- proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen’s principle
- Interference
- Young’s double-slit experiment
- resolving power of microscope and astronomical telescope
- polarization
- Brewster’s law
- uses of plane-polarized light and polaroid’s
Dual nature of Radiation and matter
- Dual nature of radiation
- Photoelectric effect
- Hertz and Lenard’s observations
- Einstein’s photoelectric equation
- Matter waves
- de-Broglie relation
- Davisson- Germer experiment
Atoms and Nuclei
- Atoms
- Rutherford’s model of atom
- Bohr model
- energy levels
- hydrogen spectrum
- Nuclei
- Atomic nucleus
- nature of nuclear force
- binding energy per nucleon
- nuclear fission
- fusion
- Radioactivity
- alpha
- beta and gamma particles
- radioactive decay law
- half-life and decay constant
Semiconductor electronics
- Energy bands in conductors
- semiconductors and insulators
- p-type, n type semiconductors
- semiconductor diode
- V-I characteristics, diode etc
- Special purpose p-n junction diodes
- Zener diode as a voltage regulator, etc.
- Junction transistor
- transistor action
- Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND, and NOR)
- basic idea of analog and digital signals
Communication System
- Elements of a communication system
- bandwidth of signals
- bandwidth of transmission medium
- propagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere
- sky and space wave propagation
- satellite communication
- modulation
- basic idea about internet
- mobile telephony and GPS
Biology
Reproduction
- Reproduction in organisms
- Reproduction
- Modes of reproduction
- Sexual reproduction in flowering plants
- Flower structure
- Development of male and female gametophytes
- Pollination-types
- Double fertilization
- Development of endosperm and embryo
- Development of seed and formation of fruit
- Significance of seed and fruit formation etc
- Human Reproduction
- Male and female reproductive systems
- Gametogenesis
- Menstrual cycle
- Fertilization
- embryo development
- Pregnancy and placenta formation etc
- Reproductive health
- Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases
- Birth control
- Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies
Genetics and Evolution
- Heredity and Variation
- Mendelian Inheritance
- Pleiotropy
- Elementary idea of polygenic inheritance
- Chromosome theory of inheritance
- linkage and crossing over etc
- Sex determination
- In humans
- birds
- honey bee
- Sex-linked inheritance
- Mendelian disorders in humans
- Thalassemia
- Chromosomal disorders in humans
- Molecular Basis of Inheritance
- Structure of DNA and RNA
- DNA packaging; DNA replication
- Gene expression and regulation- Lac Operon
- human genome project; DNA fingerprinting.
- Evolution
- Origin of life
- Darwinism
- Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution
- Mechanism of evolution
- Natural Selection with examples
- types of natural selection
- Hardy-Weinberg’s principle
- Adaptive Radiation; Human evolution etc
