MCQ on Biological Classification   

1. Osmoregulation in Paramecium is a function of

a) Contractile vacuole   
b) Trichocysts   
c) Cytopyge       
d) Cytostome

2. Fungi imperfecti includes

a) Aspergillus and Penicillium     
b) Alternaria and Trichoderma
c) Ustilago and Puccinia
d) Alternaria and penicillium

3. Which of the following is a non-hyphal unicellular fungus?

a) Yeast
b) Puccinia         
c) Ustilago          
d) Alternaria

4. Auxospores and homocysts are formed, respectively by

a) Several diatoms and a few cyanobacteria        
b) Several cyanobacteria and several diatoms
c) Some diatoms several cyanobacteria 
d) Some cyanobacteria and many diatoms

5. HIV is classified as a retrovirus because its genetic information is carried in

a) DNA instead of RNA  
b) DNA
c) RNA instead of DNA  
d) Protein coat

6. Consider the following statements

I. Mycelium is branched and septate

II. The asexual spores are generally not formed

III. Vegetative reproduction takes place by framentation

IV. Sex organs are absent but sexual reproduction takes place by somatogamy

V. Karyogamy and meiosis takes place in basidium to form haploid four basidiospores

Vi. Basidia are arranged in fruiting bodies called basidiocarp

The above statements are assigned to

a) Sac fungi        
b) Bracket fungi
c) Imperfecti fungi          
d) Club fungi

7. Aristotle classified the plants on the basis of their morphological characters and categorised them into

a) Tree, shrubs and herbs

b) Algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms

c) Embryophytes and tracheophytes

d) Algae and embryophytes

8. Citrus canker is a

a) Viral disease 
b) Bacterial disease        
c) Fungal disease             
d) Protozoan disease

9. Which is correct?

a) RNA is genetic material of bacteria     
b) RNA is genetic material of all virus
c) DNA is genetic material of some organism       
d) Some virus has RNA as genetic material

10. African sleeping sickness is caused by

a) Trypanosoma              
b) Leishmania   
c) Latimeria        
d) Plasodium

11. Read the following statement about bacteria and select the correct option

a) Bacteria are simple in structure but complex in behaviour
b) Bacteria are complex in structure but simple in behaviour
c) Bacteria are simple in both structure and behaviour   
d) Bacteria are complex in both structure and behaviour

12. Which of the following is a Gram negative bacterium?

a) Escherichia coli            
b) Bacillus subtillis
c) Streptomyces coelicolor          
d) Ampycolatopsis orientalis

13. Virus consists of

a) Nucleic acid  
b) Protein           
c) Both (A) and (B)          
d) None of these

14. Parasitic and saprophytic conditions are more familiar in

a) Fungi
b) Bacteria         
c) Algae
d) Ferns

15. Bacteriophage releases lysozyme during

a) Penetration phase     
b) Eclipse phase
c) Absorption phase       
d) Maturation phase

16. Cladonia rangiferina is a/an

a) Algae
b) Lichen             
c) Fungus            
d) Angiosperm

17. According to five kingdom classification bacteria belong to

a) Protista
b) Monera         
c) Plantae           
d) Archaea

18. Which of the following is a free living nitrogen fixing bacterium present in the soil?

a) Nitrosomonas             
b) Rhizobium    
c) Azotobacter 
d) Pseudomonas

19. The genetic material of rabies virus is

a) Double stranded RNA

b) Single stranded RNA
c) Double stranded DNA
d) Single stranded DNA

20. All of the following fungi belongs to Phycomycetes, except

a) Rhizopus        
b) Mucor            
c) Albugo            
d) Agaricus

1              (a)

Osmoregulation in Paramecium is a function of contractile vacuole. Parameciumcontains two contractile vacuoles, which have fixed positions near the body ends in ectoplasm of aboral side. Each vacuole contains a definite unit membrane covering called vacuolar condensation membrane.

2              (b)

Fungi imperfecti includes Alternaria, Tricoderma and Colletotrichum

3              (a)

Yeast are unicellular, degenerated, non-mycelial, saprophytic fungi possessing no hyphae. But sometimes, chain of buds is formed during rapid growth, which may give false appearance of a mycelium and called as pseudomycelium

4              (a)

The bacillariophycean members (diatoms) are microscopic, eukaryotic, unicellular or colonial coccoid algae. These algae are sexually reproduced by the formation of auxospores in most cases. Homocysts are formed by few cyanobacteria.

5              (c)

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a retrovirus. The name retrovirus comes from the fact that it has two single strands of genomic RNA and enzymereverse transcriptase which converts virus RNA into a single strand of DNA.

6              (b)

Commonly known forms of class-Basidiomycetes are mushroom, bracket fungi or puffballs. The mycelium is branched and septate.

The asexual spores are generally not found, but vegetative reproduction by fragmentation is common. Sex organs are absent, but plasmogamy is brought about by the fusion of two vegetative or somatic cell of different strains or genotypes.

The resultant structure is dikaryotic, which ultimately gives rise to basidium. Karyogamy and meiosis take pleace in the basidium producing four basidiospores. The basidiospores are exogenously produced on the basidium. The basidia are arranged in fruiting bodies called basidiocarps

7              (a)

Tree, shrubs and herbs.

Aristotle was the earliest to attempt a more scientific basis for classification. He used simple morphological characters to classify plants into trees, shrubs and herbs. He also divided animals into two groups, those which had red blood and those that did not

8              (b)

Citrus canker is a disease affecting citrus species that is caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis

9              (d)

Some viral families (Picornaviridae, Togaviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Reoviridae, Retroviridae, etc) contain RNA (either single or double stranded) as their genetic material.

10           (a)

The genus Trypanosoma is parasitic in the blood of most of the vertebrates. Trypanosoma gambiensecauses African sleeping sickness.

11           (a)

Bacteria are simple in structure but complex in behavior

12           (a)

The Gram stain is named after the developer Christian Gram. About 75% of known bacteria are Gram negative e.g.,Salmonella,Pseudomonas,Vibrio,Helicobacter,Haemophilus,Escherichia.

13           (c)

Structurally, viruses are very diverse, varying widely in size, shape and chemical composition. The nucleic acid of the virus is always located within the virion particle and is surrounded by a protein shell called the capsid. The complete complex of nucleic acid and protein, packaged in the virion is called the virus nucleocapsid.

14           (a)

The fungi are achlorophyllous, heterotrophic organisms, which cannot prepare their own food. They live as either parasites or saprophytes. However, some forms live symbiotically with other green forms. So, parasitic and saprophytic conditions are more familiar in fungi.

15           (a)

Bacteriophage is the virus which causes infection of bacteria. It releases lysozyme during penetration phase.

16           (b)

Cladonia rangiferinais reindeer moss. It is a fruticose lichen. It is used as food for reindeer, musk, ox and other wild animals of the Arctic Tundra zone.

17           (b)

Bacteria are prokaryotes. In five kingdom system of classification of R H Whittaker, all prokaryotes are included in kingdom-Monera.

18           (c)

The genus-Azotobacter comprises large, free-living, Gram negative, obligately aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria which are capable of fixation of nitrogen non-symbiotically.

Rhizobiumis a symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria, Nitrosomonas is a nitrifying bacteria, while Pseudomonas sp. is denitrifying bacteria.

19           (b)

In rhabdoviruses (rabies, virus, wheat mosaic virus), para myxoviruses (mumps virus, sendai virus), picornaviruses (polio virus), orthomyxovirus (influenza virus), the genetic material is single stranded RNA (ssRNA).

20           (d)

Agaricus belongs to class-Basidiomycetes. Agaricus is a genus of mushrooms containing both edible and poisonous species