MCQ On Excretory Products & Their Elimination    

1. Which of the following is correct with reference to hemodialysis?

a) Absorbs and resends excess of ions

b) The dialysis unit has a coiled cellophane tube

c) Blood is pumped back through a suitable artery after hemodialysis

d) Anti-heparin is added prior to hemodialysis

2. Polyuria is a condition in which

a) Amount of urine pass out is more       

b) Amount of urine pass out is less

c) No urine pass-out      

d) No urine formation

3. Glucose, Na, and amino acid are actively transported substances, because

a) Their movement occurs according to concentration gradient

b) Their movement occurs against concentration gradient

c) ATP is not needed for transportation

d) They are transported by simple diffusion

4. Which of the following is both osmoregulator as well as nitrogenous product?

a) NH₃  

b) Urea

c) Uric acid         

d) All of these

5. With respect to mode of excretion bony fishes are?

a) Osmoconformers      

b) Ammonotelic

c) Uricotelic       

d) Uriotelic

6. Identify the true statements and choose the correct option accordingly

I. Blood vessel leading to the glomerulus is called efferent arteriole

II. Vasa-recta, peritubular capillaries and glomerulus, all have blood

III. Cortical nephrons have highly reduced vasa-recta

IV. Vasa-recta runs parallel to the Henle’s loop in the juaxta-medullary nephron

a) I, II and III      

b) I, II and IV      

c) I, III and IV     

d) II, III and IV

7. The yellow colour of urine is due to the presence of

a) Urea

b) Uric acid         

c) Urochrome   

d) Bilirubin

8. Choose the correct option for A, B, C from given option

 a) A-Adrenal cortex, B-ADH, C-PCT

b) A-Adrenal medulla, B-ADH, C-PCT

c) A-Hypothalamus, B-ADH, C-Distal tubules        

d) A-Lungs, B-ADH, C-Distal tubules

9. Structural and functional unit of the kidney is

a) Medulla         

b) Nephridia      

c) Nephron        

d) Hilum

10. Marine teleost fishes excrete

a) Uric acid         

b) Ammonia      

c) Urea

d) None of these

11. Identify A to D in the given structure and choose the correct option accordingly

 a) A-Calyx, B-Cortex, C-Renal column, D-Ureter

b) A-Calyx, B-Cortex, C-Renal column, D-Urethra

c) A-Urethra, B-Cortex, C-Renal column, D-Calyx

d) A-Urethra, B-Calyx, C-Renal column, D-Cortex

12. The net filtration pressure in the glomerulus of the kidney is

a) 70 mm Hg      

b) 35 mm Hg     

c) 25 mm Hg      

d) 10 mm Hg

13. Loop of Henle is meant for the absorption of

a) Potassium     

b) Glucose

c) Water              

d) Carbon dioxide

14. Functioning of kidney is efficiently regulated by

a) ANF 

b) JGA  

c) Both (a) and (b)           

d) Lungs

15. Select the correct pathway for the passage of urine in humans

a) Renal vein → Renal ureter → Bladder → Urethra

b) Collecting tubule → Ureter → bladder → Urethra

c) Pelvis → Medulla → Bladder → Urethra

d) Cortex → Medulla → Bladder → Ureter                           

16. The waste products produced in man which need excretion are?

a) Carbon dioxide            

b) Urea and salts             

c) Excess of water           

d) All of these

17. Excretion of nitrogenous waste product in semisolid from occurs in

a) Ureotelic animals       

b) Ammoniotelic animals

c) Uricotelic animals       

d) Amniotes

18. Juxta glomerular apparatus is modification in the

a) Afferent arteriole and PCT      

b) Afferent arteriole and DCT

c) Efferent arteriole and DCT

d) Efferent arteriole and PCT

19. A large quantity of fluid is filtered every day by the nephrons in the kidneys. Only about 1% of it is excreted as urine. The remaining 99% of the filtrate

a) Gets collected in the renal pelvis         

b) Is lost as sweat

c) Is stored in the urinary bladder             

d) Is reabsorbed into the blood

20. Autoregulation of GFR (Glomerulus Filtration Rate) is takes place by

a) Renin angiotensis mechanism

b) Juxta-glomerulus apparatus

c) Vasopressin  

d) All of the above

1              (b)

Haemodialyser is also known as blood dialyser or artificial kidney and is used in the condition of renal failure. During dialysis, the blood is taken form radial artery, mixed with heparin (anticoagulant) cooled to 0℃ and passed through cellophane tubes of the disposable dialyser. The nitrogenous waste products are passed out into dialysing fluid through simple diffusion. Then purified blood is mixed with antiheparin and passed into radial vein. 

2              (a)

Polyuria amount of urine passed out is more

3              (b)

Because these are ATP dependant substances whose movement occurs against concentration gradient. In active transport, ATP provided by mitochondria, provides energy needed to move these ions and molecules across the cell membrane

4              (b)

Urea is both nitrogenous product as well as osmoregulator. It is the excretory product in man and mammals, Ascaris, earthworm, fishes like sharks and string rays, etc.

5              (b)

Mostly aquatic arthropods, bony fishes, freshwater fishes, amphibian tadpoles, etc, excrete ammonia, i.e., phenomenon called ammonotelism and the animal concerned is called ammonotelic.

6              (d)

Blood vessels, which supply blood to glomerulus is called the afferent arteriole and the outgoing or exit is done by efferent arteriole

7              (c)

The yellow colour of urine is due to the presence of pigment Urochrome. This pigment is formed by bile pigment bilirubin.

    Bilirubin

        ↓Liver

    Intestine

        ↓

   Urobilinogen

        ↓

   Urochrome (Yellow pigment of urine)

8              (c)

Excessive loss of fluid activate the receptor, which stimulate hypothalamus to release the ADH from posterior lobe of pituitary. Facilitate the water reabsorption of water from the lateral part of tubule (DCT and CT)

9              (c)

Each kidney has nearly one million complex tubular structures called nephrons, which are called functional unit of kidney

10           (d)

In certain marine mollusus, crustaceans and teleost fishes, the excretory product is TMO (trimethylamine oxide). In these animals, ammonia is converted into trimethylamine (TMA) after its methylation. Thus, either TMA or its oxidation product trimethyl oxide (TMO) is the excretion product in these causes.

11           (a)

A – Calyx

B – Cortex

C – Renal column

D – Ureter

12           (d)

Effective Filtration Pressure (EFP) or Net Filtration Pressure (NFP) is glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure (GBHP) minus the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood (BCOP) and capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP).

EFP/NFP= GBHP-(BCOP+CHP)

                   = 60-(32+18)

                   = 10mmHg

13           (c)

Water is a high threshold substance. During selective reabsorption 99.5% of water is reabsorbed (active transport) and reabsorption takes place in loop of Henle.

14           (c)

The JGA plays a complex regulatory role. A fall in glomerular blood flow/glomerular blood pressure/GFR can activate the JG cells to release renin, which converts angiotensin ogen in blood to angiotensin I and further to angiotensin-II. Angiotensin-II, being a powerful vasoconstrictor, increase the glomerular blood pressure and thereby GFR. Angiotensin-II also activates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone. Aldosterone causes reabsorption of Na^+ and water from the distal parts of the tubule. This also leads to an increase in blood pressure and GFR. This complex mechanism is generally known as the renin-angiotensin mechanism.

An increase in blood flow to the atria of the heart can cause the release of Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF). ANF can cause vasodilation (dilation of blood vessels) and thereby decrease the blood pressure. ANF mechanism, therefore, acts as a check on the renin-angiotensin mechanism

15           (b)

Passage of urine in humans is

Glomerulus → DCT → Loop of Henle → PCT → Collecting tubule → Ureter → Bladder → Urethra → Outside

16           (d)

Excretion is the elimination of metabolic wastes from the body. Carbon dioxide is removed as a gas by respiratory organs. The common excretory product in man are CO_2, minerals, salts, urea, water, pigments, etc.

17           (c)

Uricotelism is found in those animals, which need water conservation. It is the elimination of uric acid and urates as the main nitrogenous wastes in the form of paste or in a semisolid state.

18           (b)

Juxta glomerular apparatus is a modification in afferent arteriole and distal convoluted tubule for regulation of osmoregulation in body

20           (d)

Renin angiotensin mechanism, vasopressin and juxta-glomerular apparatus autoregulate the GFR