CHAPTER-1 THE LIVING WORLD

1. Who, amongst the following, has been called ‘The Darwin of the 20th Century’?

1. Ernst Haeckel
2. Ernst Hemingway
3. Ernst Mayr
4. Ernst Chain

2. If you were to increase the area that you make observations in, the range and variety of organisms that you see would:

1. Increase
2. Decrease
3. Remain same
4. May increase in polar regions and decrease in tropical regions

3. The number of species that are known and described range between:

1. 0.8 and 1.0 million
2. 1.0 and 1.2 million
3. 1.5 and 1.7 million
4. 7.0 and 8.0 million

4. ICBN stands for:

1. International Committee of Botanical Nomenclature
2. International Council of Botanical Nomenclature
3. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
4. International Congress of Botanical Nomenclature

5. The scientific names, given to each organism, ensure that
I: Each organism has only one name.
II: such a name has not been used for any other known organism.

1. Both I and II are incorrect
2. Only I is correct
3. Only II is correct
4. Both I and II are correct

6. The system of Binomial Nomenclature was given by:

1. R. H. Whittaker
2. Carolus Linnaeus
3. Carl Woose
4. Copeland

7. Which of the following would be incorrect regarding universal rules of
nomenclature of living organisms?

1. Biological names are Latinized or derived from Latin irrespective of their origin.
2. The first word in a biological name represents the genus while the second
   component denotes the specific epithet.
3. Both the words in a biological name, when printed, are separately
   underlined, or handwritten in italics.
4. The first word denoting the genus starts with a capital letter
   while the specific epithet starts with a small letter.

8. Consider the given two statements:
Assertion: Before assigning a biological name to a living organism, it is essential to identify the organism correctly.
Reason: Nomenclature or naming is only possible when the organism is described correctly and we know what organism the name is attached to.

1. Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason does not correctly explain the Assertion
2. Assertion is true but Reason is false
3. Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason correctly explains the Assertion
4. Assertion is false but Reason is true

9. Consider the given two statements:
Statement I: Classification of living organisms is important to make study of living organisms possible.
Statement II: Classification is the process by which anything is grouped into convenient
categories based on some easily observable characters.

1. Statement I is correct; Statement II is incorrect
2. Statement I is correct; Statement II is correct
3. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is incorrect
4. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is correct

10. Consider the given two statements:
Statement I: The scientific term for convenient categories we use to study organisms is taxa.
Statement II: An organism can belong to only one taxon.

1. Statement I is correct; Statement II is incorrect
2. Statement I is correct; Statement II is correct
3. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is incorrect
4. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is correct

11. Taxonomy is that part of Systematics concerned with:
a. characterization and identification of living organisms
b. classification and nomenclature of living organisms
c. establishing evolutionary relationships between living organisms

1. Only (a) and (b)
2. Only (a) and (c)
3. Only (b) and (c)
4. (a), (b) and (c)

12. Each taxonomic group/category:
I. is merely a morphological aggregate
II. is a distinct biological entity
III. represents a rank

1. Only II is correct
2. Only II and III are correct
3. I, II and III are correct
4. Only III is correct

13. Consider the given statements:
I: Lion, leopard and tiger belong to the same species
II: Lion, leopard, tiger and cats belong to same genus
III. Lion, leopard, tiger, cats and dogs belong to samefamily

1. Only III is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Only I is incorrect
4. I, II and III are incorrect

14. In the given figure showing taxonomic hierarchy for living organisms:

I. A would be
Solanum
for potato.
II. B would be Muscidae for housefly.
III. C would be Primata for humans.
IV. D would be phylum for animals and division for plants.

1. Only I, II and III are incorrect
2. Only I, III and IV are incorrect
3. Only II, III and IV are incorrect
4. I, II, III and IV are incorrect

15. Consider the given two statements:
Assertion: Higher the taxonomic category, greater is the difficulty of determining the relationship to other taxa at the same level.
Reason: The higher taxonomic categories are more exclusive and the lower taxonomic categories are more inclusive in nature.

1. Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason does not correctly explain the Assertion
2. Assertion is true but Reason is false
3. Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason correctly explains the Assertion
4. Assertion is false but Reason is true

16. Consider the given two statements:
Statement I: Categories like species, genus and families are based on the aggregates of characters.
Statement II: Order and other higher taxonomic categories are identified based on a number of similar characters.

1. Statement I is correct; Statement II is incorrect
2. Statement I is correct; Statement II is correct
3. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is incorrect
4. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is correct

17. The correct biological name for mango should correctly be printed as:
1.Mangifera indica Linn
2. Mangifera indica Linn
3.mangifera Indica Linn
4.Mangifera Indica Linn

18. In animals:
I. growth by cell division occurs continuouslythroughout their life span.
II. cell division occurs in certain tissues to replace lostcells.

1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect

19. Consider the given two statements:
Assertion: Reproduction cannot be an all-inclusive defining characteristic of living organisms.
Reason: No non-living object is capable of reproducing or replicating by itself.

1. Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason does not correctly explain the Assertion
2. Assertion is true but Reason is false
3. Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason correctly explains the Assertion
4. Assertion is false but Reason is true

20. The defining properties of living organisms include:

1. Consciousness and growth
2. Growth and reproduction
3. Consciousness and cellular organization
4. Cellular organization and reproduction

21. Identify the correctly matched taxonomic category for humans:

22. The suffix to a biological name which is used to indicate ‘family’ in plant classification is:

1. - ales
2. - onae
3. - aceae
4. - ae

23. Identify the incorrect statement:

1. All plants, animals, fungi and microbes exhibitmetabolism.
2. The sum total of all the chemical reactions occurringin our body is metabolism.
3. No non-living object exhibits metabolism.
4. Metabolic reactions cannot be demonstrated outsidethe body in cell-free systems.

24. In plant classification ‘families’ are characterized on the basis of:
I. vegetative features of plant species.
II. reproductive features of plant species.

1. Only I
2. Only II
3. Both I and II
4. Neither I nor II

25. Consider the given two statements:
Statement I: Properties of tissues are present in the constituent cells and similarly properties of cellular organelles are present in the molecular constituents of the organelle.
Statement II: All living organisms – present, past and future, are linked to one another by the sharing of the common genetic material, but to varying degrees.

1. Statement I is correct; Statement II is incorrect
2. Statement I is correct; Statement II is correct
3. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is incorrect
4. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is correct

26. The taxonomic aid, used for identification of both plants and animals is-
(a) Herbarium
(b) Botanical garden
(c) Flora
(d) Taxonomic keys.

27. Taxonomic hierarchy refers to
(a) Step-wise arrangement of all categories for classification of plants and animals..
(b) A group of senior taxonomists who decide the nomenclature of plants and animals.
(c) A list of botanists or zoologists who have worked on taxonomy of a species or group.
(d) Classification of a species based on fossil record.

28. Which of the following terms is used to refer the number of varieties of plants and animals on earth?
(a) Taxonomy
(b) Identification
(c) Biodiversity.
(d) Classification

29. The most important feature of all living systems is to
(a) Utilize oxygen to generate energy
(b) Replicate the genetic information.
(c) Produce gametes
(d) Utilize solar energy for metabolic activities

30. Which one of the following statements is correct about biodiversity?
(a) It is the occurrence of varied type of organisms on earth.
(b) Each different kind of plant, animal or organism represents a species.
(c) The number of species that are known and described range between 1.7–1.8 million.
(d) All of the above.